The young, educated, minorities and the poor move out from south central Ethiopia - African Population Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2016, pp. 2296-2305

Migration takes place due to many "Pull Factors" such as better living conditions, better job opportunity, and an overall better life and many "Push Factors" such as unequal access to assets, income, education, healthcare, house ownerships or natural disasters. These natural and manmade factors affect migration rates where communities, individuals, and families move from one area to another. Migration studies conclude that males, youth, people who don’t own property, religious and ethnic minorities, and educated people are highly likely to migrate out of small cities. Furthermore, migration flows also create dramatically during famines.

Guraghe that is one of the most densely populated zones in Ethiopia. A rapid population growth, low cropping intensity, and fragmental rural land holdings have created a surplus of labor. Due to the economic development witnessed in Ethiopia, people are moving into urban hubs. The study was conducted in Butajira district of Guraghe zone that is located in the Southern nation in an arid and semi-arid area geographically. The district not only had Guraghe tribe predominantly inhabiting it, Silti and Mareko were also other major ethnic groups living in the area. There is a cyclical famine that takes place in the district, it is concerning as the time between the famines has shortened drastically.

This study looks at outmigration of people from 10 sample neighborhoods in south central Ethiopia to measure the incidence of outmigration among different population groups. Furthermore, ten sampled kebeles based on proportion to size technique were placed, first, a baseline population and housing census were conducted in 1987. Then, a continues monthly registration event took place monthly till 1999.

Results suggested that there was a 3.97 incidence of out-migration per 100 persons and 95% CI over the 22 years study period. High out migrations were observed among the youth aged 15-19 and 20-29 at the incidence rate of 7/25 and 6.26 per 100 persons. On the contrary, the incidence rate was only 1.94 and 2.08 among adults between the age of 40-49 years and 50 plus.

The study concluded that the young people aged 15-29 had out-migration at the higher rates which could be to find a better education, job, and marital arrangements. Out-migration was also higher among educated individuals compared to land owners and people who were married. Single people have less social and economic obligations giving them an opportunity to move. The study suggests that the local government should consider having strategies to ensure that the young have employment and housing opportunities in order to ensure that there is less out migrations.

The young, educated, minorities and the poor move out from south central Ethiopia - African Population Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2016, pp. 2296-2305

Migration takes place due to many "Pull Factors" such as better living conditions, better job opportunity, and an overall better life and many "Push Factors" such as unequal access to assets, income, education, healthcare, house ownerships or natural disasters. These natural and manmade factors affect migration rates where communities, individuals, and families move from one area to another. Migration studies conclude that males, youth, people who don’t own property, religious and ethnic minorities, and educated people are highly likely to migrate out of small cities. Furthermore, migration flows also create dramatically during famines.

Guraghe that is one of the most densely populated zones in Ethiopia. A rapid population growth, low cropping intensity, and fragmental rural land holdings have created a surplus of labor. Due to the economic development witnessed in Ethiopia, people are moving into urban hubs. The study was conducted in Butajira district of Guraghe zone that is located in the Southern nation in an arid and semi-arid area geographically. The district not only had Guraghe tribe predominantly inhabiting it, Silti and Mareko were also other major ethnic groups living in the area. There is a cyclical famine that takes place in the district, it is concerning as the time between the famines has shortened drastically.

This study looks at outmigration of people from 10 sample neighborhoods in south central Ethiopia to measure the incidence of outmigration among different population groups. Furthermore, ten sampled kebeles based on proportion to size technique were placed, first, a baseline population and housing census were conducted in 1987. Then, a continues monthly registration event took place monthly till 1999.

Results suggested that there was a 3.97 incidence of out-migration per 100 persons and 95% CI over the 22 years study period. High out migrations were observed among the youth aged 15-19 and 20-29 at the incidence rate of 7/25 and 6.26 per 100 persons. On the contrary, the incidence rate was only 1.94 and 2.08 among adults between the age of 40-49 years and 50 plus.

The study concluded that the young people aged 15-29 had out-migration at the higher rates which could be to find a better education, job, and marital arrangements. Out-migration was also higher among educated individuals compared to land owners and people who were married. Single people have less social and economic obligations giving them an opportunity to move. The study suggests that the local government should consider having strategies to ensure that the young have employment and housing opportunities in order to ensure that there is less out migrations.

Dengue in an area of the Colombian Caribbean - Revista Colombia Médica, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2015, pp. 3-7

    Dengue is a tropical infection that is caused by the bite of the Aedes aegyti mosquito vector.  In recent years, the incident of dengue is considerably on a rise around the world.  Many cases of dengue are underreported or misclassified. A recent estimate indicates that there are 390 million people being infected by dengue per year. Due to its high epidemiological and economic impact, dengue takes the fifth place in the list of unattended tropical disease.

    In Colombia, dengue is an endemic disease and the four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) have been reported.  The study describes the frequency and severity of dengue in the department of Cordoba in Colombia’s Caribbean. Based on a retrospective study, two data sources, the database from the direction of health in Cordoba and clinical register of patients with hemorrhagic fevers and fevers of unknown origin were analyzed.

    Results stated that the mean incidence of dengue between 2003 and 2010 was 36.5 cases/105 inhabitants and the mean incidence of severe dengue was 4.7 cases/105 inhabitants (CI95%: 4.3–5.0). Mean mortality rate due to dengue was 0.3 cases/105 inhabitants.  One thing to note was a significant difference between the dengue cases found in urban and rural populations. Twenty-six point two percent of cases were in populations that had to affiliation to the health system

   The study summarizes that the incidence of cases summarized for health authorities is not consistent with the behavior of the diseases being transmitted by the vector. Corrections made for the sub-reporting shows results that are closer to reality, between 18.5 and 521.6 cases/ 10 inhabitants. Thus there was an observation of deficiencies in vector management where the etiological diagnosis is made in a low proportion. Furthermore, one could highlight that there is a problem of access to health care and quality of health services provided, as there is a low capacity for diagnosing and in treatment provided.